In landmark opinion, ICJ says ‘violation’ of climate obligations constitutes ‘internationally wrongful act engaging the responsibility’ of states

July 23, 2025

This is an advisory opinion, albeit an unprecedented one, intended to influence global jurisprudence. States that violate their climate obligations commit an
“unlawful” act and could be subject to reparations claims from the most affected countries,
the International Court of Justice (ICJ) concluded on Wednesday, July 23.